@Penny: will be interested to see if Alfie reacts like Clover - you don't need to make it a loud noise at all, more a brief, sorrowful, crying, whimpering sort of noise, like a wounded puppy! It's actually quite amusing to watch Clover when I do it - but I think you should only do it when the pup is REALLY hurting you - or it would lose its efficacy if you did it every 5 mins., I reckon!