All the ideas about how I could have secured recall seem very sensible. I am sure an experienced handler/trainer could have helped me with Rufus. Those that I approached just used the usual reward type approach, and up to 2, Rufus was just not interested in the food treats. I can see that making myself more interesting and engaging him with "plants" would have been possible. I do think however that some dogs are naturally more biddable than others. Rufus has always had recall in confined or enclosed spaces, and came back quickly on the long lead. Today at agility he did everything he was asked. Like one of the earlier posts, because I am unsure of his recall when we are out and about, he is only allowed off in places where there is no livestock, and where we are both familiar with the territory. Even so, if he gets his nose to a strong fresh scent, he is gone so quickly that as I call him to come, or leave, he doesn't even turn his head. This is my biggest regret. He is 4 now, and a lovely kind and gentle dog indoors. It is a bit tricky if you are a pigeon, rat or squirrel in our garden, however. I am sure you will be much more successful.